{"id":6587,"date":"2026-10-15T15:37:37","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T13:37:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/?p=6587"},"modified":"2026-10-15T15:37:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T13:37:37","slug":"champignon-dianjunus-d-rex-chine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/champignon-dianjunus-d-rex-chine\/","title":{"rendered":"D-rex : le champignon titanesque venu de Chine, t\u00e9moin de la grande extinction des dinosaures"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Quand on cherche les g\u00e9ants du r\u00e8gne fongique, on regarde d\u2019habitude du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des polypores accroch\u00e9s aux troncs ou de ces immenses r\u00e9seaux souterrains d&rsquo;armillaires qui s&rsquo;\u00e9tendent sur des hectares. Pas du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des ascomyc\u00e8tes, en tout cas.<\/p>\n<p>Ce groupe immense \u2014 qui r\u00e9unit aussi bien la levure de bi\u00e8re que les morilles et les truffes \u2014 produit rarement des fructifications impressionnantes par leur taille. C&rsquo;est pourtant cette r\u00e8gle qu&rsquo;une \u00e9quipe de botanistes vient de faire voler en \u00e9clats dans les for\u00eats de montagne du Yunnan, au sud-ouest de la Chine.<\/p>\n<p>Leur d\u00e9couverte porte le nom de <em>Dianjunus rex<\/em>. Les chercheurs l&rsquo;ont aussit\u00f4t baptis\u00e9 \u00ab D-rex \u00bb, et pour cause : il s&rsquo;agit du plus grand ascomyc\u00e8te jamais mesur\u00e9 sur Terre.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/champignon-dianjunus-d-rex-chine\/#Deux_kilos_poses_sur_des_racines_de_chene\" >Deux kilos pos\u00e9s sur des racines de ch\u00eane<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/champignon-dianjunus-d-rex-chine\/#Pourquoi_une_telle_architecture_en_hauteur_au_coeur_des_sous-bois\" >Pourquoi une telle architecture en hauteur au c\u0153ur des sous-bois ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/champignon-dianjunus-d-rex-chine\/#Le_festin_de_lan_-65_millions\" >Le festin de l&rsquo;an -65 millions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/champignon-dianjunus-d-rex-chine\/#Une_boite_a_outils_genetique_minimaliste_mais_redoutable\" >Une bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils g\u00e9n\u00e9tique minimaliste mais redoutable<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/champignon-dianjunus-d-rex-chine\/#Fiche_didentite\" >Fiche d&rsquo;identit\u00e9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Deux_kilos_poses_sur_des_racines_de_chene\"><\/span>Deux kilos pos\u00e9s sur des racines de ch\u00eane<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sur le terrain, la silhouette de cet organisme a de quoi surprendre. Ce qui \u00e9merge du sol ne ressemble en rien \u00e0 un chapeau classique garni de lamelles : c&rsquo;est une sorte de grand gourdin sombre et fibreux, qui pousse directement sur les racines ligneuses des ch\u00eanes li\u00e8ges chinois (<em>Quercus variabilis<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>En mycologie, cette structure dress\u00e9e s&rsquo;appelle un stroma. C&rsquo;est elle qui renferme les asques \u2014 ces minuscules sacs microscopiques charg\u00e9s de produire et d&rsquo;expulser les spores.<\/p>\n<p>Chez <em>Dianjunus rex<\/em>, les dimensions donnent le vertige pour un champignon de cette famille :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>50 centim\u00e8tres<\/strong> de hauteur,<\/li>\n<li>Jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 <strong>2,2 kg<\/strong> sur la balance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pour un ascomyc\u00e8te, c&rsquo;est tout bonnement sans \u00e9quivalent parmi les 64 000 esp\u00e8ces recens\u00e9es \u00e0 ce jour.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pourquoi_une_telle_architecture_en_hauteur_au_coeur_des_sous-bois\"><\/span>Pourquoi une telle architecture en hauteur au c\u0153ur des sous-bois ?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>S&rsquo;\u00e9lever aussi haut n&rsquo;est pas un caprice de forme, c&rsquo;est une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de survie.<br \/>\nDans les for\u00eats denses du Yunnan, la liti\u00e8re de feuilles mortes \u00e9touffe la circulation de l&rsquo;air au ras du sol. \u00c0 quelques centim\u00e8tres de la terre, l&rsquo;atmosph\u00e8re est gorg\u00e9e d&rsquo;humidit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;air y reste quasi immobile. Un champignon de petite taille qui lib\u00e8re ses spores \u00e0 cette hauteur les voit retomber imm\u00e9diatement autour de lui, sans aucune chance de se disperser.<\/p>\n<p>En portant ses organes reproducteurs \u00e0 une cinquantaine de centim\u00e8tres du sol, Dianjunus rex \u00e9chappe \u00e0 cette zone morte. Ses spores sont lib\u00e9r\u00e9es exactement l\u00e0 o\u00f9 les courants d&rsquo;air forestiers circulent, ce qui lui permet de coloniser d&rsquo;autres arbres \u00e0 des kilom\u00e8tres de distance.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Le_festin_de_lan_-65_millions\"><\/span>Le festin de l&rsquo;an -65 millions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La seconde surprise de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude men\u00e9e par l&rsquo;Institut de botanique de Kunming ne se r\u00e9v\u00e8le pas \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u0153il nu : elle est enfouie dans son horloge mol\u00e9culaire.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9quipe a s\u00e9quenc\u00e9 le g\u00e9nome du champignon pour retracer sa position sur l&rsquo;arbre du vivant. Verdict : sa singularit\u00e9 est telle qu&rsquo;il a fallu lui cr\u00e9er un genre propre (Dianjunus) et une famille enti\u00e8re (Dianjunaceae) au sein de l&rsquo;ordre des Xylariales. Mais le d\u00e9tail le plus frappant reste ailleurs \u2014 la divergence de sa lign\u00e9e remonte \u00e0 environ 65 millions d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>La date se passe de commentaire : c&rsquo;est le lendemain direct de l&rsquo;extinction Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9-Pal\u00e9og\u00e8ne, celle qui a emport\u00e9 les grands dinosaures dans le sillage de l&rsquo;ast\u00e9ro\u00efde de Chicxulub.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, la plan\u00e8te encaisse un effondrement \u00e9cologique sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. Les for\u00eats s&rsquo;\u00e9teignent sous un ciel bouch\u00e9, le bois mort s&rsquo;accumule en couches \u00e9paisses. Dans les strates g\u00e9ologiques de cette transition, les pal\u00e9ontologues rep\u00e8rent d&rsquo;ailleurs une explosion de spores fossiles : sans pr\u00e9dateurs, gav\u00e9s de mati\u00e8re organique \u00e0 d\u00e9composer, les champignons ont litt\u00e9ralement tenu le monde pendant des milliers d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est dans ce paysage en ruine que les anc\u00eatres de Dianjunus ont taill\u00e9 leur place, avant de s&rsquo;adapter aux grandes for\u00eats de feuillus qui ont reconquis l&rsquo;Asie au C\u00e9nozo\u00efque.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Une_boite_a_outils_genetique_minimaliste_mais_redoutable\"><\/span>Une bo\u00eete \u00e0 outils g\u00e9n\u00e9tique minimaliste mais redoutable<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Construire une structure de deux kilos sous les frondaisons r\u00e9clame une \u00e9nergie colossale. Les proches parents de <em>Dianjunus<\/em> ciblent en priorit\u00e9 la cellulose, plus facile \u00e0 d\u00e9composer, en ignorant la lignine \u2014 ce composant d&rsquo;une duret\u00e9 extr\u00eame qui conf\u00e8re sa rigidit\u00e9 au bois.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;analyse du g\u00e9nome de D-rex r\u00e9v\u00e8le un parti pris radicalement diff\u00e9rent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Son arsenal enzymatique est bien plus r\u00e9duit que celui des autres d\u00e9composeurs forestiers (environ 220 g\u00e8nes d&rsquo;enzymes actives sur les glucides, contre le double chez ses concurrents).<\/li>\n<li>Il a presque enti\u00e8rement perdu la capacit\u00e9 de dig\u00e9rer la pectine des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux frais.<\/li>\n<li>En contrepartie, il a concentr\u00e9 ses ressources sur des laccases et des peroxydases hautement sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es, con\u00e7ues pour attaquer la lignine la plus r\u00e9sistante des vieilles racines.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Loin d&rsquo;\u00eatre un g\u00e9n\u00e9raliste, D-rex a pouss\u00e9 la sp\u00e9cialisation \u00e0 son extr\u00eame : il dig\u00e8re ce que les autres abandonnent, tirant de cette niche suffisamment de carbone pour soutenir une croissance hors norme.que d&rsquo;\u00eatre bon \u00e0 tout faire, il s&rsquo;est sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;extr\u00eame : il dig\u00e8re ce que les autres d\u00e9laissent, extrayant assez de carbone pour alimenter sa croissance d\u00e9mesur\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"jgOExF39JP\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/dinosaures-cretace-derniers-geants-extinction\/\">Dinosaures du Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9 : les derniers g\u00e9ants avant l&rsquo;extinction<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0Dinosaures du Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9 : les derniers g\u00e9ants avant l\u2019extinction\u00a0\u00bb \u2014 LesMinis Le Blog - Mat\u00e9riels \u00e9ducatifs - Figurines p\u00e9dagogiques\" src=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/dinosaures-cretace-derniers-geants-extinction\/embed\/#?secret=Vs5ZUNAaLQ#?secret=jgOExF39JP\" data-secret=\"jgOExF39JP\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fiche_didentite\"><\/span>Fiche d&rsquo;identit\u00e9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Donn\u00e9e<\/th>\n<th>D\u00e9tail observ\u00e9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Nom de l&rsquo;esp\u00e8ce<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><em>Dianjunus rex<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Classification<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Ascomycota &gt; Xylariales &gt; Dianjunaceae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Taille \/ Poids<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>50 cm de haut \/ jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 2,2 kg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u00c9poque d&rsquo;\u00e9mergence<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>~65 millions d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es (Pal\u00e9oc\u00e8ne pr\u00e9coce)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Biotope<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Racines de <em>Quercus variabilis<\/em>, for\u00eats mixtes du Yunnan (Chine)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Statut<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Esp\u00e8ce vivante actuelle (relique \u00e9volutive)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>La d\u00e9couverte du <em>Dianjunus rex<\/em> nous rappelle que l&rsquo;exploration naturaliste est loin d&rsquo;\u00eatre achev\u00e9e, m\u00eame pour des organismes de cette envergure. Ce champignon d\u00e9passe le simple statut de curiosit\u00e9 pour les livres de records : il t\u00e9moigne de la fa\u00e7on dont le vivant s&rsquo;est r\u00e9organis\u00e9 \u00e0 la sortie de la plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre extinction de masse qu&rsquo;ait connue notre plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"eHRTBQcnwv\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/que-mangent-ours-bruns-5-aliments-etonnants-regime\/\">Que mangent vraiment les ours bruns ? 5 aliments \u00e9tonnants de leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0Que mangent vraiment les ours bruns ? 5 aliments \u00e9tonnants de leur r\u00e9gime alimentaire\u00a0\u00bb \u2014 LesMinis Le Blog - Mat\u00e9riels \u00e9ducatifs - Figurines p\u00e9dagogiques\" src=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/que-mangent-ours-bruns-5-aliments-etonnants-regime\/embed\/#?secret=uKPgApCueD#?secret=eHRTBQcnwv\" data-secret=\"eHRTBQcnwv\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au Yunnan, des chercheurs viennent de d\u00e9crire Dianjunus rex. Un ascomyc\u00e8te vivant de 50 cm de haut dont la lign\u00e9e a pris son essor il y a 65 millions d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es, sur les ruines du Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6588,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1602],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-dinosaures-prehistoire-megafaune-figurine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Dianjunus rex : le champignon g\u00e9ant n\u00e9 apr\u00e8s les dinosaures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"50 cm de haut et plus de 2 kg : d\u00e9couvrez Dianjunus rex, le plus grand ascomyc\u00e8te vivant, dont la lign\u00e9e est n\u00e9e au lendemain de la crise Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9-Pal\u00e9og\u00e8ne.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/champignon-dianjunus-d-rex-chine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D-rex : le champignon titanesque venu de Chine, t\u00e9moin de la grande extinction des dinosaures\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"50 cm de haut et plus de 2 kg : d\u00e9couvrez Dianjunus rex, le plus grand ascomyc\u00e8te vivant, dont la lign\u00e9e est n\u00e9e au lendemain de la crise Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9-Pal\u00e9og\u00e8ne.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/lesminis.fr\/blog\/champignon-dianjunus-d-rex-chine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"LesMinis Le Blog - 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